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• Unggas

  Abnormality in	Suspected Diseases	Clinical Signs
  Egg Production	a. AE,EDS b. EDS,ND,IB,Leuco.	a. Reduction of egg production without any other signs. b. Production of abnormal eggs.
  External Appearance	a. ND,IBD,Asper.,Cocci.,Salm.,PD,Coli., Clostridia,Leuco., Histo. b. AL,MD,Ascites. c. AE,MD,ND,Asper.,Botulism,Salm.,Coli, Avitaminosis (B1). d. AE,MD,ND,Perosis.	a. Dull and sleepy. b. Abdominal inflation. c. Poor carriage. d. Disturbance of leg function
  Skin	a. FP. b. Staph. c. MD.	a. Papule b. Edema c. Tumors
  Comb and Wattle	a. ND,Asper.,Gout. b. IBH,Cocci.,Histo.,Leuco. c. FP. d. AL.	a. Cyanosis b. Discoloration c. Black papule d. Involution
  Eye	a. AE.Salm.,Coli. b. FP. c. ILT,ND,IC	a. Enlargement of eyeball and opacity of lens b. Pocks in eyelid. c. Swelling of eyelid.
  Respiratory Tract	a. IC, CRD, Avitaminosis (A). b. FP,IC,CRD. c. ND,IB,ILT,IC,CRD,Asper. d.ND,IB,ILT,IC,CRD,Asper.,MD,FP,Heatstroke.	a. Lacrimation. b. Nasal discharge and swelling of face c. Rales. d. Gasping
  Faeces	a. Cocci.,Haemorrhagic Enteritis. b. ND,AL,MD,IB,Salm.,IC,IBD,Leuco., Avian malaria, Asper. c. FC.	a. Blood. b. Green faeces. c. Mucoid diarrhea.
  Others	a. Heatstroke.	a. Sudden death.

• Kucing

  Abnormality in	Suspected Diseases	Clinical Signs
  Anemia	Anemia	Pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears-deficiency anemia of various types eg.cats fed only on milk develop iron deficiency anemia
  	Feline infectious anemia	Lack of appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes- pallid tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear
  	Leucaemia	Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts
  	Worm infestation	Recovery of worm eggs on worm egg examination-recovery of worms on post-mortem examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure to thrive or failure to develop
  	External parasites	Severe external parasitic infestation
  	Toxoplasmosis	Anemia-dehydration-enlarged liver, spleen-white areas 1-3mm in spleen-respiratory distress-recovery of toxoplasms
  	Constipation	Evidence of faeces in intestinal tract-depression-failure to thrive-history of predisposing cause such as pelvic injuries, rickets, osteodystrophy
  	Nephritis	Common disease of aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third eyelid across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue
  Convulsions (fits), Nervous symptoms	Hypocalcaemia (Milk fever, puerperal tetany)	History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved
  	Feline Encephalomyelitis	Ataxia-swaying and circling motions of the head-sometimes paralysis of hindquarters-falling to one side or the other-twisting-demyelination in brain, medulla and spinal cord
  	Tetanus	Rare condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonos-lockjaw-extension of third eyelid over eye
  	Poisonings	Strychnine poisoning, lead poisoning, dieldrin, D.D.T. poisoning, B.H.C.(or hexachlorobenzene) poisoning, rodent poisons and, in fact, a very great number of poisons which affect the nervous system may all produce convulsions in cats-chemical analysis-suggestive history-characteristic lesions of the particular poison
  	Uremia	Evidence of nephritis-vomiting-wasting-albumin in urine-general symptoms uremia
  	Tapeworm infestation	Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shaped segments
  Cough, Breathlessness	Feline "Flu"	Mucous discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course
  	Feline pneumonia	Including feline `flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline `Flu
  	Mycotic Pneumonia (Aspergillosis)	Similar to feline `flu
  	Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis	As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu
  	Feline Bronchitis	Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
  	Gastritis	Vomiting-wasting-pain on palpation over gastric area
  	Tuberculosis	Rare condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem
  	Pulmonary Edema	History of funnel web spider bite-cyanosis-death-other history, smoke, irritants, etc.-or evidence of anaphylaxis or sensitization
  	Lungworm and Tracheal worm	Presence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the lung or Capillaria aerophila in the trachea-coughing, emaciation-nasal discharge-dyspnoea, anemia, harsh coat
  	Toxoplasmosis	Respiratory distress-anemia-enlarged liver-consolidated lungs-recovery of toxoplasms
  Jaundice	Anemia	See text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears
  	Leucaemia	Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts
  	Toxoplasmosis	Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism
  	Toxic Hepatitis	Dullness, depression-vomiting-diarrhea alternately with constipation-jaundice-increased thirst sometimes convulsions-histological confirmation liver tissue-history of toxins eaten or bacterial or viral toxic action
  	Feline Infectious Anemia	Pasteurella pseudo-tuberculosis-P.multocida-Salmonella typhimurium-all recorded in Australia to produce jaundice
  	Bacterial infections	High temperature, severe depression, jaundice
  	Leptospirosis	No temperature, high faecal worm egg count, indigestion and abdominal pain, jaundice
  Nose and eye discharges	Feline "Flu"	Mucus discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course
  	Feline Pneumonia	Including feline 'flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline 'Flu
  	Mycotic Pneumonia-Feline (Aspergillosis)	Similar to feline 'flu
  	Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis	As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu
  	Feline Bronchitis	Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
  Diarrhea	Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)	Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain-bacterial
  	Anemia	See text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears
  	Worm infestation	Recovery of worm eggs on worm egg examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure to thrive or failure to develop-hook worms and roundworms
  	Coccidiosis	Scouring-sometimes bloody-depression-failure to develop-occurrence in young cats-common
  	Toxoplasmosis	Loss of weight-fever-prostration-vomiting-scouring-abdominal tenderness-liver enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis-rare condition
  	Tuberculosis	Rare condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem
  	Salmonella infection	Rare condition-wasting-temperature-vomiting
  	Infectious Feline Enteritis	Diarrhea from two to four days after first rise of temperature-watery, profuse, dark, sometimes partly-digested blood-shreds of mucous membrane-some cases of panleucopaenia do not produce diarrhea
  	Infectious Peritonitis	Abdominal enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting and dehydration. Disease is present in Australia since 1973
  	Tapeworm infestation	Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shapes segments
  Sudden death	Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)	Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-haemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions
  	Accidents	Fractures-trauma-hemorrhage-history of violent death
  	Poisoning	A great array of poisons may cause sudden death with characteristic symptoms and lesions depending upon the poison. See poisoning section
  	Snake bite	Depression-shock-sometimes nervous disturbance-sometimes local swelling and evidence of bite (unusual)-prostration-collapse and death
  	Shooting	Evidence of rifle or gunshot wound which may not always be easily visible if from a pressure air gun-common occurrence in caterwauling cats in town neighborhoods
  Temperature	Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)	Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bite-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions
  	Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)	Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain
  	Feline "Flu"	Mucus discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucous exudates in respiratory tract-long course
  	Feline pneumonia	Including feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-by be feline 'flu
  	Mycotic Pneumonia-Feline (Aspergillosis)	Similar to feline 'flu
  	Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis	As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-be be feline 'flu
  	Feline Bronchitis	Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
  	Hypocalcaemia (Milk Fever, Puerperal Tetany)	History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved
  	Feline Infectious Anemia	Lack of appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes-pallid tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear
  	Leucaemia	Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts
  	Ulcerative stomatitis	Inflammation of tongue-ulceration of tip and edges-drooling saliva from mouth-vomiting of yellow mucoid material-severe pain-refusal to drink-ulceration on lips, gum and pharynx-congestion of soft palate-painful throat on palpation-response to nicotinic acid
  	Toxoplasmosis	Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism
  	Salmonella infections	Rare condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting
  	Tetanus	Rare condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonus-lockjaw-extension of third eyelid over eye
  	Feline Infectious Peritonitis	In Australia(1973)-swollen abdomen-temperature sometimes-fibrinous peritonitis-death-recovery of virus-vomiting
  	Toxoplasmosis	Loss of weight-scouring-temperature-vomiting-convulsions-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-chroidoretinitis-rare condition
  Vomits	Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)	Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish of fluid but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions
  	Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)	Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain
  	Gastritis	Vomiting-wasting-pain on palpation over gastric area
  	Hypocalcaemia (Milk Fever, Peurperal Tetany)	History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved
  	Hairballs	Wasting-depression-failure to eat-history of long coat and evidence of hair balls on palpation-vomiting-moving head from side to side
  	Tick paralysis	Flaccid paralysis-presence of engorged tick-vomiting rarer than in dogs-depression-in appetence-paralysis respiratory muscles-death-changed note in "miaow"
  	Nephritis	Common disease of aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third eyelid across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue
  	Salmonella infection in cats	Rare condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting
  	Ulcerative Stomatitis	Temperature-inflammation of tongue-ulcers on tip and edges-drooling of saliva from mouth-vomiting-inappetence-malaise-vomitus is yellow mucus-refusal to eat
  	Laryngitis	Inflammatory conditions of laryngeal mucosa will cause retching, gulping, vomiting-altered voice
  	Poisonings	All irritant poisonings, of which there are many, may cause vomiting-suggestive history-suggestive appearance of vomit-suggestive symptoms
  	Toxoplasmosis	Rare disease-loss of weight-breathlessness-prostration-vomiting-abdominal tenderness-liver enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis
  	Round worm infestation	Kittens worst affected-diarrhea-emaciation-vomiting-abdominal distension-presence of worm eggs faeces-worms in intestine
  	Infectious Peritonitis	Abdominal enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting and dehydration-disease is present in Australia since 1973
  	Tapeworm infestation	Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shaped segments

• Anjing

  Abnormality in	Suspected Diseases	Clinical Signs
  Abortion	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, muco purulent nasal discharge in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Genital Streptococcal Infection	Irregular heats, difficult breeding, vaginal discharge, deaths of puppies soon after parturition, abortions, temperature
  	Hormone Trouble	Evidence of breeding abnormalities , ovarian troubles and dysfunctions
  	Traumatic Injuries	Suggestive history
  	Canine Brucellosis	Abortion , breeding troubles
  	Herper Virus Infection	Puppy mortality, vesicular lesions pock-like in vagina, abortion, infertility troubles, sometimes conjunctivitis with running eyes, balanoposthitis in dogs
  Bloody Urine	Leptospirosis	May be sudden death, temperature variable, sunken eyes, vomiting, pain over loins, foul breath, red slime on teeth, ulcerated tongue and mouth, jaundice, discharge from nose & eyes, bleeding nose and gums, prostration, trembling, death
  	Calculi (Bladder/urinary Stones)	Dog strains to urinate, urine dribbles if at all, stands stiffly with arched back, marked depression, chills, temperature, trembling, weakness, stupor, uremia, death
  	Cystitis	Frequent attempts to urinate, passage of small amounts of urine which may cause pain, sometime temperature, dog off food, depressed, coat rough, bladder sensitive on palpation, hemorrhagic urine, blood clots or pus on urine analysis
  	Nephritis	Onset usually insidious but may sudden, intermittent vomiting, thirst, prostration, uremia, convulsions, death, wasting, flinching if pressed over loins, rough coat, anxious eyes, intermitted diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness, urinous smell, ulcers mouth and tongue, eczema
  	Injuries	Evidence of fractures
  	Snake Bites	Red urine
  Cough	Distemper	Dysphasic temperature, eye and nose discharge, sough, diarrhea, tonsillitis, reddened eyes, off feed vomiting at times, hard pads & hard nose, latter stages, convulsions, tremors, twitching, paralysis
  	Infectious Canine Hepatitis	Temperature raised, dog depressed, conjunctivitis, mouth inflamed, tonsils swollen, sudden death in acute type, abdominal pain and tenderness over liver, vomiting, diarrhea, cough may be present, cloudiness of cornea in one-third of cases, jaundice
  	Tonsillitis, Streptococcal Infections	Fever, coughing, vomiting frothy material, enlarged lymph glands of head & neck, glands may abscess
  	Pneumonia	Raised temperature, breathlessness, coughing, mucopurulent discharge from nose and eyes, vomiting
  	Ear, Nose,Throat Infections	Temperature, localized infections, pain & characteristic features
  	Obstruction and Foreign Bodies	A bone, fish bone, wood splinters and so on embedded in the throat
  	Bronchitis	Coughing, temperature, respiratory distress, common in old, fat dogs, persistent cough
  	Nocardiosis	Systemic form- Variable granulomatous pleurisy, progressive sickness, emaciation, pericarditis, pleurisy, foul smelling pus in pleural cavity Tumor Form - Large tumorous masses on extremities, sometime anywhere in body
  	Coccidiosis	Diarrhea, watery to bloodstained, emaciation, dehydration, occurrence in puppies - 8 to 12 weeks old, profound illness, sometime rapid death, cough, purulent discharge eyes and nose, slight fever, sometime nervous symptoms, coccidia in smears
  	Cardiac Cough	Old dogs affected, no temperature, ascites, faulty heart beat
  	Vitamin A Deficiency	Night blindness, coughing, scouring
  	Tuberculosis	Cough, nose and eye discharge, vomiting, wasting, poor appetite, profound illness, death
  	Fungal Pneumonia	Coughing, breathlessness, profound illness, emaciation, diarrhea, ascites, vomiting
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Histoplasmosis	Scouring, debility, vomiting, coughing, irregular fever, jaundice
  	Heart Condition	Coughing, abnormal pulse, vascular disturbance
  	Pneumocystosis	Cough, diarrhea, wasting
  	Tracheal worm	Rasping, persistent cough
  Jaundice	Leptospirosis	May be sudden death, temperature variable, sunken eyes, vomiting, pain over loins, foul breath, red slime on teeth, ulcerated tongue and mouth, jaundice, discharge from nose and eyes, bleeding nose and gums, prostration, trembling, death
  	Infectious Canine Hepatitis	Temperature raised, dog depressed, conjunctivitis, mouth inflamed, tonsils swollen, sudden death in acute type, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
  	Phosphorus Poisoning	Digestive disorders and wasting, garlic smell
  	Chloroform Poisoning	Digestive disorders, no temperature, jaundice
  	Arsenic Poisoning	Jaundice, scouring, wasting, digestive disorders
  	Streptococcal Infections	High temperature, severe depression, jaundice
  	Obstruction of Bile Ducts	No temperature, high faecal worm egg count, indigestion and abdominal pain, jaundice
  	Hemolytic Infections	High temperature, severe depression, may be associated pneumonia pr enteritis, may be jaundice
  	Lead Poisoning	Eye and nose discharge, paralysis, tremors, continuous barking and frothing at the mouth, convulsions, hysteria, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea with bloodstained, listlessness, emaciation, blindness, jaundice
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies, jaundice
  	Snake Bite	Haemoglobinuria, depression, local swelling, paralysis
  	Liver Neoplasm	Emaciation, vomiting, old dog- lump in anterior abdomen
  	Canine Babesiosis	Dog listless, anemic, pale mucous membranes, emaciation, nervous symptoms, jaundice, fever
  	Histoplasmosis	Scoring, debility, vomiting, coughing, irregular fever, jaundice
  	Gallstones	Jaundice, vomiting, weakness, depression, weight loss, sometime temperature, diarrhea, thirst and abdominal pain
  Nervous Symptoms , Convulsions	Distemper	Dysphasic temperature (105 - 106 F), eye and nose discharge, cough, diarrhea, tonsillitis, reddened eyes, off feed, vomiting at times, hard pads and hard nose, late stages- convulsions, tremors, twitching, paralysis
  	Encephalitis	Convulsions, nervous twitching usually younger dogs, head tilting, systegmies, mania, coma, death
  	Neoplasm	Occurrence in older dogs- dog may paralyzed, weak in one limb
  	Leas Poisoning	Eye and nose discharge, paralysis, tremors, , continuous barking and frothing at the mouth, convulsions, hysteria, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea (bloodstained) listlessness, emaciation, blindness
  	Brain Injuries	History of accident or injury
  	Gammexane Poisoning	Nervous twitching, tremors, convulsions
  	Strychnine Poisoning	Stiffening, convulsive seizures, rigidity, death
  	Organic Phosphorus Poisoning	Scouring, vomiting, tremors, salivation, spasms, jelly like mucoid dysentery, pinpoint pulils, muscle fasciculation
  	Milk Fever	Restlessness, rapid respiration tongue hangs out, staggering, convulsions, head thrown back-legs galloping, bitch frantically excited, yelping, crying out, heart racing madly, temperature up to 108 F, increasing weakness, flaccid paralysis, coma, death
  	Metaldehyde Poisoning	Nervous symptoms, convulsions, tense abdomen, abdominal pains, diarrhea
  	Scottie Cramp	Hopping, somersaulting, resist leading or movement, convulsions
  	Fright Disease	Running, seeing visions, convulsion seizures
  	Teething Troubles	Occurrence in puppies t teething time- nervous lesions and convulsions
  	Worm Infestations	Scours, nervous symptoms, convulsions
  	Vitamin Deficiencies	Faulty ration
  	Foreign Bodies in Digestive Tract	X-Ray evidence- evidence on palpation or post-mortem, vomiting
  	Vitamin A Deficiency	Scouring, nervous symptoms
  	Vitamin B1 Deficiency	Faulty diet, emaciation, weakness, constipation, paralysis, convulsions, muscle cramps, vomiting
  	Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Deficiency	Faulty diet, anemia, digestive disorders, nervous symptoms, skin disease, loss of hair
  	Snake Bite (Brown snake)	Paralysis, coma, death
  	Epilepsy	Convulsions - precipitated by watching flashing light, television, screen doors
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Tetanus	Ear are bunched, eyeballs retracted into the sockets - third eyelid protrudes, convulsions and goes rigid, neck and tail are stiff, jaw locked tetanic spasm, death
  	Hypoglycemia (ketosis, Acetonaemia)	Uterine inertia, stiff, jerky gait, spasms, convulsions, vomiting, temperature raised- 106 F or more, heart rate very high
  	Hypoglycemia from Insulin-Secreting Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor	Low blood sugar
  	Ear Mange	Pain, shaking head, scratching, nervous symptoms, even convulsions
  	Anal Gland Disorders	Occurrence in old & fat dogs where faeces are soft
  	Canine Babesiosis	Listless, anemia, pale mucous membranes, emaciation, nervous symptoms, jaundice, fever
  	Nephritis	Intermittent vomiting, thirst, prostration, uremia, convulsions, death, wasting, rough coat, anxious eyes, intermittent diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness, urinous smell, ulcers mouth and tongue, bloody urine in acute cases
  	Nicotinic Acid Deficiency	Vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, nervous twitching, reddening of the mucous membrane of mouth, ulceration and gangrene (black tongue), foul, smelly diarrhea, sloughing of part of tongue & brownish saliva with nauseating sweet smell
  	Pantothenic Acid Deficiency	Faulty ration, anemia, convulsions
  	Trombidiosis	Orange red clusters of mites inside the ears, between the paws and even on the body, intense irritation, sores, nervous symptoms
  	Coccidiosis	Diarrhea, watery to bloodstained, emaciation, dehydration, profound illness, sometime rapid death, cough, purulent discharge, eyes and nose, slight fever, sometime nervous lesions
  	Cryptococcosis	Granulomas on mucous membrane of nose, pharynx. lung or elsewhere, discharges from sinuses and nasal cavity, lameness, blindness
  	Intervertebral Disc Protrusion	Posterior paralysis, sudden, acute pain, loss of power, sometime staggering pain to complete paralysis, hypersensitivity or resentment when touched or palpated, may refuse to move
  	Linguatulosis	Tongue shaped, striated, violent spasms of sneezing, emaciation, dehydration, weakness, nervous symptoms, excitement
  	Hypoxia	Presence of heart disease or pulmonary disease, causing poor circulation to the brain, and deficiency of oxygen supply
  	Hepatic encephalopathy	Abnormal even bizarre behavioral patterns
  	Toxicosis Various	Diarrhea, salivation, vomiting
  	Trauma	History of blow to head causing unconsciousness
  	Myelomalacia	A congenital defect, bunny hopping gait, posterior paralysis, hind leg weakness
  	Leptospirosis	Jaundice, wasting, bleeding gums, vomiting, dehydration, coating of teeth and tongue with reddish-brown deposit, convulsions
  Nose & Eye Discharges	Distemper	Dysphasic temperature (105 - 106 F), eye and nose discharge, cough, diarrhea, tonsillitis, reddened eyes, off feed, vomiting at times, hard pads and hard nose, late stages- convulsions, tremors, twitching, paralysis
  	Lead Poisoning	Eye and nose discharge, paralysis, tremors, , continuous barking and frothing at the mouth, convulsions, hysteria, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea (bloodstained) listlessness, emaciation, blindness
  	Foreign Body in Eye	Usually affecting one eye only, profuse discharge, severe conjunctivitis, no temperature
  	Foreign Body in Nose	Snorting, constant discharge, no temperature, may be obstruction of air passage
  	Pneumonia	Raised temperature, breathlessness, coughing, mucopurulent discharge from nose and eyes, vomiting
  	Bronchitis	Coughing, temperature, respiratory distress, common in old & fat dogs, persistent cough
  	Sinusitis	Pain over region of sinus, temperature, depression
  	Allergy	No temperature, swelling about head, profuse discharge nose and eyes
  	Entropion	Hereditary abnormality of eyelids, lashes turned in over eye surface, profuse discharge from eyes
  	Coccidiosis	Diarrhea, watery to bloodstained, emaciation, dehydration, profound illness, sometime rapid death, cough, purulent discharge, eyes and nose, slight fever, sometime nervous lesions
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Tuberculosis	Cough, nose and eye discharge, vomiting, wasting, poor appetite, profound illness, death
  	Tick Paralysis	Alteration in bark, vomiting, ascending paralysis, weak hind legs, then forelegs and neck, progress to paralysis of respiratory muscles, death, depressed temperature, inability to swallow, mucopurulent eye discharge, dry cornea
  	Nocardiosis	Systemic form- Variable granulomatous pleurisy, progressive sickness, emaciation, pericarditis, pleurisy, foul smelling pus in pleural cavity Tumor Form - Large tumorous masses on extremities, sometime anywhere in body
  	Cryptococcosis	Granulomas on mucous membrane of nose, pharynx. lung or elsewhere, discharges from sinuses and nasal cavity, lameness, blindness
  	Histoplasmosis	Scouring, debility, vomiting, coughing, irregular fever, jaundice
  	Fungal Pneumonia	Coughing, breathlessness, profound illness, emaciation, diarrhoea, ascites, vomiting
  	Eye Conditions	Keratitis, corneal ulcers, chemosis, conjunctivitis, distichias
  Pallor (Anemia)	Canine Babesiosis	Listless, anemia, pale mucous membranes, emaciation, nervous symptoms, jaundice, fever
  	Worm Infestation	Worm eggs in faeces,
  	Hemorrhage (Enternal or External)	History of damage such as accident or of hemorrhage following on some other lesions of disease such as gastro-enteritis
  	Shock	History of some traumatic damage, accident or other cause of physiological shock
  	Anaemia	faulty diet-deficiency of iron, B12 - evidence from blood examination in laboratory
  	Deficiency of Vitamin C	Unusual condition, faulty diet, swollen gums, petechial hemorrhages in some mucosa, bloody diarrhea, anemia, swollen joint in pups
  	Pantothenic Acid Deficiency	Faulty ration, anemia, convulsions
  	Pyridoxine (Vitamine B6 Deficiency)	Faulty diet, anemia, digestive disorders, nervous symptoms, skin diseases, loss of hair
  	Tropical Canine Pancytopaenia	Nose bleeding, anemia, oedea of limbs and scrotum, hemorrhages in abdomen, penis, mouth, conjunctivae, impenitence, loss of weight, breathlessness, fever, death
  	Eosinophilic Gastro-Enteritis	Persistent scouring sometimes bloody, emaciation, anemia

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Rabis (Penyakit Anjing Gila)

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Protokol Veterinar Malaysia (PVM)

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Pemeriksaan dan Akreditasi Veterinar (VHM)

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Kawalan Lalat

FLY CONTROL MEASURES TAKEN IN BROILER CHICKEN FARMS
Hold meetings with agencies involved:- District office, Land office, Health and District Veterinary office with farm management. Warn, emphasize and advise farm management on importance of sanitation and fly control.
Put up a schedule and impose a time limit of 3 months to overcome problem.
			Make visits and fly index count taken once every 2 weeks for 3 consecutive months. Reports submitted to agencies involved after each visit.
Take fly index count
	Hold discussions. Discussion should be between Company's Board of Directors and farm manager (not with farm workers) and District Veterinary Officer. Any decisions made should be adhered.
		One worker solely held responsible for proper handling & management of poultry waste. He should always be on the alert for unhygienic conditions, waste accumulation, dirty surroundings conducive for breeding of flies etc. in farm at all times.
	Products
		Identify one worker to be responsible for tasks entailed in stepping up efforts to improve sanitation of farm & surroundings and maintenance eg. having sand/stone roads, grass cut, undergrowth cleared, spilt feed cleaned up, workers' quarters well maintained etc.
Identify worker	Sand/stone roads	Such duties will be considered full time and the said worker given extra monetary gain ranging from RM200-500 a month as an encouragement for his extra vigilance.
He will be given full authority including reporting/informing farm management any workers disobeying his orders. Such workers may face disciplinary action and be dismissed.
		Farm & surroundings
List down all steps/actions taken in fly control and put up a program/work schedule. This will be monitored by farm manager and District Veterinary officer through surprise visits. Each and every step taken have to be documented for examination by Department of Veterinary Services.
Report and inform the farm management directly any actions listed but not carried out. Issue "On the spot" warning and rectification to be done.
		Products used - Insecticides, residual sprays, larvicides, feed additives i. Neporex" and "Pyrillroid 26.3%" sprayed on an alternate basis once every 3 days to kill larvae. ii. "IGR Mectin 10%" sprayed once a week (at night). iii. "SNACK" as poison feed for adult flies given once a week. iv. Diesel/petrol spray all moist, damp surfaces (result of water spills/rain) to avoid larvae growth.
Good farm management practices i. Roads, pathways within farm laid with sand and stones. Wherever possible whole farm area laid this way to avoid water retention. Immediate attention given to wet, muddy areas with stagnant waters. ii. Poison weeds surrounding farm once a month. iii. Good drainage system surrounding hen house well maintained at all times. iv. Repair/deepen/widen drains outside farm. v. Cleanliness of workers' quarters. Garbage, left-over foodstuffs and others considered suitable materials attracting flies packed and disposed of in covered bins. vi. Not allowed to rear pets like cats and dogs within farm. vii. Personal hygiene of workers. viii. Avoid spilling of feed while feeding in hen houses. ix. Increase workers' awareness as to importance of fly control and methods used. (motivation course). x. Collect & tight pack poultry waste in secured tight storage as soon as chickens are sold and sell ASAP.
					Before (problem farm with fly infestation)
After (successful implementation of fly control measures) Good example: K.L.Supreme, Air Kuning, Batang Padang
				Contact locals staying nearby for feedback. Amongst them, complainants, food stall operators, restaurants, school headmasters and others. Ask them to inform District Veterinary Office whenever there is abundance of flies in the area.

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Kawalan Anjing Liar

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Doktor Veterinar Swasta

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Diagnosa Perbandingan

• Unggas

  Abnormality in	Suspected Diseases	Clinical Signs
  Egg Production	a. AE,EDS b. EDS,ND,IB,Leuco.	a. Reduction of egg production without any other signs. b. Production of abnormal eggs.
  External Appearance	a. ND,IBD,Asper.,Cocci.,Salm.,PD,Coli., Clostridia,Leuco., Histo. b. AL,MD,Ascites. c. AE,MD,ND,Asper.,Botulism,Salm.,Coli, Avitaminosis (B1). d. AE,MD,ND,Perosis.	a. Dull and sleepy. b. Abdominal inflation. c. Poor carriage. d. Disturbance of leg function
  Skin	a. FP. b. Staph. c. MD.	a. Papule b. Edema c. Tumors
  Comb and Wattle	a. ND,Asper.,Gout. b. IBH,Cocci.,Histo.,Leuco. c. FP. d. AL.	a. Cyanosis b. Discoloration c. Black papule d. Involution
  Eye	a. AE.Salm.,Coli. b. FP. c. ILT,ND,IC	a. Enlargement of eyeball and opacity of lens b. Pocks in eyelid. c. Swelling of eyelid.
  Respiratory Tract	a. IC, CRD, Avitaminosis (A). b. FP,IC,CRD. c. ND,IB,ILT,IC,CRD,Asper. d.ND,IB,ILT,IC,CRD,Asper.,MD,FP,Heatstroke.	a. Lacrimation. b. Nasal discharge and swelling of face c. Rales. d. Gasping
  Faeces	a. Cocci.,Haemorrhagic Enteritis. b. ND,AL,MD,IB,Salm.,IC,IBD,Leuco., Avian malaria, Asper. c. FC.	a. Blood. b. Green faeces. c. Mucoid diarrhea.
  Others	a. Heatstroke.	a. Sudden death.

• Kucing

  Abnormality in	Suspected Diseases	Clinical Signs
  Anemia	Anemia	Pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears-deficiency anemia of various types eg.cats fed only on milk develop iron deficiency anemia
  	Feline infectious anemia	Lack of appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes- pallid tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear
  	Leucaemia	Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts
  	Worm infestation	Recovery of worm eggs on worm egg examination-recovery of worms on post-mortem examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure to thrive or failure to develop
  	External parasites	Severe external parasitic infestation
  	Toxoplasmosis	Anemia-dehydration-enlarged liver, spleen-white areas 1-3mm in spleen-respiratory distress-recovery of toxoplasms
  	Constipation	Evidence of faeces in intestinal tract-depression-failure to thrive-history of predisposing cause such as pelvic injuries, rickets, osteodystrophy
  	Nephritis	Common disease of aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third eyelid across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue
  Convulsions (fits), Nervous symptoms	Hypocalcaemia (Milk fever, puerperal tetany)	History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved
  	Feline Encephalomyelitis	Ataxia-swaying and circling motions of the head-sometimes paralysis of hindquarters-falling to one side or the other-twisting-demyelination in brain, medulla and spinal cord
  	Tetanus	Rare condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonos-lockjaw-extension of third eyelid over eye
  	Poisonings	Strychnine poisoning, lead poisoning, dieldrin, D.D.T. poisoning, B.H.C.(or hexachlorobenzene) poisoning, rodent poisons and, in fact, a very great number of poisons which affect the nervous system may all produce convulsions in cats-chemical analysis-suggestive history-characteristic lesions of the particular poison
  	Uremia	Evidence of nephritis-vomiting-wasting-albumin in urine-general symptoms uremia
  	Tapeworm infestation	Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shaped segments
  Cough, Breathlessness	Feline "Flu"	Mucous discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course
  	Feline pneumonia	Including feline `flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline `Flu
  	Mycotic Pneumonia (Aspergillosis)	Similar to feline `flu
  	Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis	As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu
  	Feline Bronchitis	Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
  	Gastritis	Vomiting-wasting-pain on palpation over gastric area
  	Tuberculosis	Rare condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem
  	Pulmonary Edema	History of funnel web spider bite-cyanosis-death-other history, smoke, irritants, etc.-or evidence of anaphylaxis or sensitization
  	Lungworm and Tracheal worm	Presence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the lung or Capillaria aerophila in the trachea-coughing, emaciation-nasal discharge-dyspnoea, anemia, harsh coat
  	Toxoplasmosis	Respiratory distress-anemia-enlarged liver-consolidated lungs-recovery of toxoplasms
  Jaundice	Anemia	See text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears
  	Leucaemia	Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts
  	Toxoplasmosis	Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism
  	Toxic Hepatitis	Dullness, depression-vomiting-diarrhea alternately with constipation-jaundice-increased thirst sometimes convulsions-histological confirmation liver tissue-history of toxins eaten or bacterial or viral toxic action
  	Feline Infectious Anemia	Pasteurella pseudo-tuberculosis-P.multocida-Salmonella typhimurium-all recorded in Australia to produce jaundice
  	Bacterial infections	High temperature, severe depression, jaundice
  	Leptospirosis	No temperature, high faecal worm egg count, indigestion and abdominal pain, jaundice
  Nose and eye discharges	Feline "Flu"	Mucus discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course
  	Feline Pneumonia	Including feline 'flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline 'Flu
  	Mycotic Pneumonia-Feline (Aspergillosis)	Similar to feline 'flu
  	Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis	As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu
  	Feline Bronchitis	Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
  Diarrhea	Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)	Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain-bacterial
  	Anemia	See text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears
  	Worm infestation	Recovery of worm eggs on worm egg examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure to thrive or failure to develop-hook worms and roundworms
  	Coccidiosis	Scouring-sometimes bloody-depression-failure to develop-occurrence in young cats-common
  	Toxoplasmosis	Loss of weight-fever-prostration-vomiting-scouring-abdominal tenderness-liver enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis-rare condition
  	Tuberculosis	Rare condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem
  	Salmonella infection	Rare condition-wasting-temperature-vomiting
  	Infectious Feline Enteritis	Diarrhea from two to four days after first rise of temperature-watery, profuse, dark, sometimes partly-digested blood-shreds of mucous membrane-some cases of panleucopaenia do not produce diarrhea
  	Infectious Peritonitis	Abdominal enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting and dehydration. Disease is present in Australia since 1973
  	Tapeworm infestation	Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shapes segments
  Sudden death	Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)	Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-haemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions
  	Accidents	Fractures-trauma-hemorrhage-history of violent death
  	Poisoning	A great array of poisons may cause sudden death with characteristic symptoms and lesions depending upon the poison. See poisoning section
  	Snake bite	Depression-shock-sometimes nervous disturbance-sometimes local swelling and evidence of bite (unusual)-prostration-collapse and death
  	Shooting	Evidence of rifle or gunshot wound which may not always be easily visible if from a pressure air gun-common occurrence in caterwauling cats in town neighborhoods
  Temperature	Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)	Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bite-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions
  	Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)	Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain
  	Feline "Flu"	Mucus discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucous exudates in respiratory tract-long course
  	Feline pneumonia	Including feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-by be feline 'flu
  	Mycotic Pneumonia-Feline (Aspergillosis)	Similar to feline 'flu
  	Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis	As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-be be feline 'flu
  	Feline Bronchitis	Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
  	Hypocalcaemia (Milk Fever, Puerperal Tetany)	History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved
  	Feline Infectious Anemia	Lack of appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes-pallid tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear
  	Leucaemia	Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts
  	Ulcerative stomatitis	Inflammation of tongue-ulceration of tip and edges-drooling saliva from mouth-vomiting of yellow mucoid material-severe pain-refusal to drink-ulceration on lips, gum and pharynx-congestion of soft palate-painful throat on palpation-response to nicotinic acid
  	Toxoplasmosis	Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism
  	Salmonella infections	Rare condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting
  	Tetanus	Rare condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonus-lockjaw-extension of third eyelid over eye
  	Feline Infectious Peritonitis	In Australia(1973)-swollen abdomen-temperature sometimes-fibrinous peritonitis-death-recovery of virus-vomiting
  	Toxoplasmosis	Loss of weight-scouring-temperature-vomiting-convulsions-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-chroidoretinitis-rare condition
  Vomits	Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)	Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish of fluid but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions
  	Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)	Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain
  	Gastritis	Vomiting-wasting-pain on palpation over gastric area
  	Hypocalcaemia (Milk Fever, Peurperal Tetany)	History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved
  	Hairballs	Wasting-depression-failure to eat-history of long coat and evidence of hair balls on palpation-vomiting-moving head from side to side
  	Tick paralysis	Flaccid paralysis-presence of engorged tick-vomiting rarer than in dogs-depression-in appetence-paralysis respiratory muscles-death-changed note in "miaow"
  	Nephritis	Common disease of aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third eyelid across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue
  	Salmonella infection in cats	Rare condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting
  	Ulcerative Stomatitis	Temperature-inflammation of tongue-ulcers on tip and edges-drooling of saliva from mouth-vomiting-inappetence-malaise-vomitus is yellow mucus-refusal to eat
  	Laryngitis	Inflammatory conditions of laryngeal mucosa will cause retching, gulping, vomiting-altered voice
  	Poisonings	All irritant poisonings, of which there are many, may cause vomiting-suggestive history-suggestive appearance of vomit-suggestive symptoms
  	Toxoplasmosis	Rare disease-loss of weight-breathlessness-prostration-vomiting-abdominal tenderness-liver enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis
  	Round worm infestation	Kittens worst affected-diarrhea-emaciation-vomiting-abdominal distension-presence of worm eggs faeces-worms in intestine
  	Infectious Peritonitis	Abdominal enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting and dehydration-disease is present in Australia since 1973
  	Tapeworm infestation	Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shaped segments

• Anjing

  Abnormality in	Suspected Diseases	Clinical Signs
  Abortion	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, muco purulent nasal discharge in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Genital Streptococcal Infection	Irregular heats, difficult breeding, vaginal discharge, deaths of puppies soon after parturition, abortions, temperature
  	Hormone Trouble	Evidence of breeding abnormalities , ovarian troubles and dysfunctions
  	Traumatic Injuries	Suggestive history
  	Canine Brucellosis	Abortion , breeding troubles
  	Herper Virus Infection	Puppy mortality, vesicular lesions pock-like in vagina, abortion, infertility troubles, sometimes conjunctivitis with running eyes, balanoposthitis in dogs
  Bloody Urine	Leptospirosis	May be sudden death, temperature variable, sunken eyes, vomiting, pain over loins, foul breath, red slime on teeth, ulcerated tongue and mouth, jaundice, discharge from nose & eyes, bleeding nose and gums, prostration, trembling, death
  	Calculi (Bladder/urinary Stones)	Dog strains to urinate, urine dribbles if at all, stands stiffly with arched back, marked depression, chills, temperature, trembling, weakness, stupor, uremia, death
  	Cystitis	Frequent attempts to urinate, passage of small amounts of urine which may cause pain, sometime temperature, dog off food, depressed, coat rough, bladder sensitive on palpation, hemorrhagic urine, blood clots or pus on urine analysis
  	Nephritis	Onset usually insidious but may sudden, intermittent vomiting, thirst, prostration, uremia, convulsions, death, wasting, flinching if pressed over loins, rough coat, anxious eyes, intermitted diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness, urinous smell, ulcers mouth and tongue, eczema
  	Injuries	Evidence of fractures
  	Snake Bites	Red urine
  Cough	Distemper	Dysphasic temperature, eye and nose discharge, sough, diarrhea, tonsillitis, reddened eyes, off feed vomiting at times, hard pads & hard nose, latter stages, convulsions, tremors, twitching, paralysis
  	Infectious Canine Hepatitis	Temperature raised, dog depressed, conjunctivitis, mouth inflamed, tonsils swollen, sudden death in acute type, abdominal pain and tenderness over liver, vomiting, diarrhea, cough may be present, cloudiness of cornea in one-third of cases, jaundice
  	Tonsillitis, Streptococcal Infections	Fever, coughing, vomiting frothy material, enlarged lymph glands of head & neck, glands may abscess
  	Pneumonia	Raised temperature, breathlessness, coughing, mucopurulent discharge from nose and eyes, vomiting
  	Ear, Nose,Throat Infections	Temperature, localized infections, pain & characteristic features
  	Obstruction and Foreign Bodies	A bone, fish bone, wood splinters and so on embedded in the throat
  	Bronchitis	Coughing, temperature, respiratory distress, common in old, fat dogs, persistent cough
  	Nocardiosis	Systemic form- Variable granulomatous pleurisy, progressive sickness, emaciation, pericarditis, pleurisy, foul smelling pus in pleural cavity Tumor Form - Large tumorous masses on extremities, sometime anywhere in body
  	Coccidiosis	Diarrhea, watery to bloodstained, emaciation, dehydration, occurrence in puppies - 8 to 12 weeks old, profound illness, sometime rapid death, cough, purulent discharge eyes and nose, slight fever, sometime nervous symptoms, coccidia in smears
  	Cardiac Cough	Old dogs affected, no temperature, ascites, faulty heart beat
  	Vitamin A Deficiency	Night blindness, coughing, scouring
  	Tuberculosis	Cough, nose and eye discharge, vomiting, wasting, poor appetite, profound illness, death
  	Fungal Pneumonia	Coughing, breathlessness, profound illness, emaciation, diarrhea, ascites, vomiting
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Histoplasmosis	Scouring, debility, vomiting, coughing, irregular fever, jaundice
  	Heart Condition	Coughing, abnormal pulse, vascular disturbance
  	Pneumocystosis	Cough, diarrhea, wasting
  	Tracheal worm	Rasping, persistent cough
  Jaundice	Leptospirosis	May be sudden death, temperature variable, sunken eyes, vomiting, pain over loins, foul breath, red slime on teeth, ulcerated tongue and mouth, jaundice, discharge from nose and eyes, bleeding nose and gums, prostration, trembling, death
  	Infectious Canine Hepatitis	Temperature raised, dog depressed, conjunctivitis, mouth inflamed, tonsils swollen, sudden death in acute type, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
  	Phosphorus Poisoning	Digestive disorders and wasting, garlic smell
  	Chloroform Poisoning	Digestive disorders, no temperature, jaundice
  	Arsenic Poisoning	Jaundice, scouring, wasting, digestive disorders
  	Streptococcal Infections	High temperature, severe depression, jaundice
  	Obstruction of Bile Ducts	No temperature, high faecal worm egg count, indigestion and abdominal pain, jaundice
  	Hemolytic Infections	High temperature, severe depression, may be associated pneumonia pr enteritis, may be jaundice
  	Lead Poisoning	Eye and nose discharge, paralysis, tremors, continuous barking and frothing at the mouth, convulsions, hysteria, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea with bloodstained, listlessness, emaciation, blindness, jaundice
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies, jaundice
  	Snake Bite	Haemoglobinuria, depression, local swelling, paralysis
  	Liver Neoplasm	Emaciation, vomiting, old dog- lump in anterior abdomen
  	Canine Babesiosis	Dog listless, anemic, pale mucous membranes, emaciation, nervous symptoms, jaundice, fever
  	Histoplasmosis	Scoring, debility, vomiting, coughing, irregular fever, jaundice
  	Gallstones	Jaundice, vomiting, weakness, depression, weight loss, sometime temperature, diarrhea, thirst and abdominal pain
  Nervous Symptoms , Convulsions	Distemper	Dysphasic temperature (105 - 106 F), eye and nose discharge, cough, diarrhea, tonsillitis, reddened eyes, off feed, vomiting at times, hard pads and hard nose, late stages- convulsions, tremors, twitching, paralysis
  	Encephalitis	Convulsions, nervous twitching usually younger dogs, head tilting, systegmies, mania, coma, death
  	Neoplasm	Occurrence in older dogs- dog may paralyzed, weak in one limb
  	Leas Poisoning	Eye and nose discharge, paralysis, tremors, , continuous barking and frothing at the mouth, convulsions, hysteria, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea (bloodstained) listlessness, emaciation, blindness
  	Brain Injuries	History of accident or injury
  	Gammexane Poisoning	Nervous twitching, tremors, convulsions
  	Strychnine Poisoning	Stiffening, convulsive seizures, rigidity, death
  	Organic Phosphorus Poisoning	Scouring, vomiting, tremors, salivation, spasms, jelly like mucoid dysentery, pinpoint pulils, muscle fasciculation
  	Milk Fever	Restlessness, rapid respiration tongue hangs out, staggering, convulsions, head thrown back-legs galloping, bitch frantically excited, yelping, crying out, heart racing madly, temperature up to 108 F, increasing weakness, flaccid paralysis, coma, death
  	Metaldehyde Poisoning	Nervous symptoms, convulsions, tense abdomen, abdominal pains, diarrhea
  	Scottie Cramp	Hopping, somersaulting, resist leading or movement, convulsions
  	Fright Disease	Running, seeing visions, convulsion seizures
  	Teething Troubles	Occurrence in puppies t teething time- nervous lesions and convulsions
  	Worm Infestations	Scours, nervous symptoms, convulsions
  	Vitamin Deficiencies	Faulty ration
  	Foreign Bodies in Digestive Tract	X-Ray evidence- evidence on palpation or post-mortem, vomiting
  	Vitamin A Deficiency	Scouring, nervous symptoms
  	Vitamin B1 Deficiency	Faulty diet, emaciation, weakness, constipation, paralysis, convulsions, muscle cramps, vomiting
  	Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Deficiency	Faulty diet, anemia, digestive disorders, nervous symptoms, skin disease, loss of hair
  	Snake Bite (Brown snake)	Paralysis, coma, death
  	Epilepsy	Convulsions - precipitated by watching flashing light, television, screen doors
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Tetanus	Ear are bunched, eyeballs retracted into the sockets - third eyelid protrudes, convulsions and goes rigid, neck and tail are stiff, jaw locked tetanic spasm, death
  	Hypoglycemia (ketosis, Acetonaemia)	Uterine inertia, stiff, jerky gait, spasms, convulsions, vomiting, temperature raised- 106 F or more, heart rate very high
  	Hypoglycemia from Insulin-Secreting Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor	Low blood sugar
  	Ear Mange	Pain, shaking head, scratching, nervous symptoms, even convulsions
  	Anal Gland Disorders	Occurrence in old & fat dogs where faeces are soft
  	Canine Babesiosis	Listless, anemia, pale mucous membranes, emaciation, nervous symptoms, jaundice, fever
  	Nephritis	Intermittent vomiting, thirst, prostration, uremia, convulsions, death, wasting, rough coat, anxious eyes, intermittent diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness, urinous smell, ulcers mouth and tongue, bloody urine in acute cases
  	Nicotinic Acid Deficiency	Vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, nervous twitching, reddening of the mucous membrane of mouth, ulceration and gangrene (black tongue), foul, smelly diarrhea, sloughing of part of tongue & brownish saliva with nauseating sweet smell
  	Pantothenic Acid Deficiency	Faulty ration, anemia, convulsions
  	Trombidiosis	Orange red clusters of mites inside the ears, between the paws and even on the body, intense irritation, sores, nervous symptoms
  	Coccidiosis	Diarrhea, watery to bloodstained, emaciation, dehydration, profound illness, sometime rapid death, cough, purulent discharge, eyes and nose, slight fever, sometime nervous lesions
  	Cryptococcosis	Granulomas on mucous membrane of nose, pharynx. lung or elsewhere, discharges from sinuses and nasal cavity, lameness, blindness
  	Intervertebral Disc Protrusion	Posterior paralysis, sudden, acute pain, loss of power, sometime staggering pain to complete paralysis, hypersensitivity or resentment when touched or palpated, may refuse to move
  	Linguatulosis	Tongue shaped, striated, violent spasms of sneezing, emaciation, dehydration, weakness, nervous symptoms, excitement
  	Hypoxia	Presence of heart disease or pulmonary disease, causing poor circulation to the brain, and deficiency of oxygen supply
  	Hepatic encephalopathy	Abnormal even bizarre behavioral patterns
  	Toxicosis Various	Diarrhea, salivation, vomiting
  	Trauma	History of blow to head causing unconsciousness
  	Myelomalacia	A congenital defect, bunny hopping gait, posterior paralysis, hind leg weakness
  	Leptospirosis	Jaundice, wasting, bleeding gums, vomiting, dehydration, coating of teeth and tongue with reddish-brown deposit, convulsions
  Nose & Eye Discharges	Distemper	Dysphasic temperature (105 - 106 F), eye and nose discharge, cough, diarrhea, tonsillitis, reddened eyes, off feed, vomiting at times, hard pads and hard nose, late stages- convulsions, tremors, twitching, paralysis
  	Lead Poisoning	Eye and nose discharge, paralysis, tremors, , continuous barking and frothing at the mouth, convulsions, hysteria, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea (bloodstained) listlessness, emaciation, blindness
  	Foreign Body in Eye	Usually affecting one eye only, profuse discharge, severe conjunctivitis, no temperature
  	Foreign Body in Nose	Snorting, constant discharge, no temperature, may be obstruction of air passage
  	Pneumonia	Raised temperature, breathlessness, coughing, mucopurulent discharge from nose and eyes, vomiting
  	Bronchitis	Coughing, temperature, respiratory distress, common in old & fat dogs, persistent cough
  	Sinusitis	Pain over region of sinus, temperature, depression
  	Allergy	No temperature, swelling about head, profuse discharge nose and eyes
  	Entropion	Hereditary abnormality of eyelids, lashes turned in over eye surface, profuse discharge from eyes
  	Coccidiosis	Diarrhea, watery to bloodstained, emaciation, dehydration, profound illness, sometime rapid death, cough, purulent discharge, eyes and nose, slight fever, sometime nervous lesions
  	Toxoplasmosis	Diarrhea, nervous symptoms, shuffling gait, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, in appetence, coughing, pneumonia, peritonitis, abdominal pain, abortion of fetus or birth of dying puppies
  	Tuberculosis	Cough, nose and eye discharge, vomiting, wasting, poor appetite, profound illness, death
  	Tick Paralysis	Alteration in bark, vomiting, ascending paralysis, weak hind legs, then forelegs and neck, progress to paralysis of respiratory muscles, death, depressed temperature, inability to swallow, mucopurulent eye discharge, dry cornea
  	Nocardiosis	Systemic form- Variable granulomatous pleurisy, progressive sickness, emaciation, pericarditis, pleurisy, foul smelling pus in pleural cavity Tumor Form - Large tumorous masses on extremities, sometime anywhere in body
  	Cryptococcosis	Granulomas on mucous membrane of nose, pharynx. lung or elsewhere, discharges from sinuses and nasal cavity, lameness, blindness
  	Histoplasmosis	Scouring, debility, vomiting, coughing, irregular fever, jaundice
  	Fungal Pneumonia	Coughing, breathlessness, profound illness, emaciation, diarrhoea, ascites, vomiting
  	Eye Conditions	Keratitis, corneal ulcers, chemosis, conjunctivitis, distichias
  Pallor (Anemia)	Canine Babesiosis	Listless, anemia, pale mucous membranes, emaciation, nervous symptoms, jaundice, fever
  	Worm Infestation	Worm eggs in faeces,
  	Hemorrhage (Enternal or External)	History of damage such as accident or of hemorrhage following on some other lesions of disease such as gastro-enteritis
  	Shock	History of some traumatic damage, accident or other cause of physiological shock
  	Anaemia	faulty diet-deficiency of iron, B12 - evidence from blood examination in laboratory
  	Deficiency of Vitamin C	Unusual condition, faulty diet, swollen gums, petechial hemorrhages in some mucosa, bloody diarrhea, anemia, swollen joint in pups
  	Pantothenic Acid Deficiency	Faulty ration, anemia, convulsions
  	Pyridoxine (Vitamine B6 Deficiency)	Faulty diet, anemia, digestive disorders, nervous symptoms, skin diseases, loss of hair
  	Tropical Canine Pancytopaenia	Nose bleeding, anemia, oedea of limbs and scrotum, hemorrhages in abdomen, penis, mouth, conjunctivae, impenitence, loss of weight, breathlessness, fever, death
  	Eosinophilic Gastro-Enteritis	Persistent scouring sometimes bloody, emaciation, anemia

Ke Menu Kesihatan Veterinar

Pembedahan

Ke Menu Kesihatan Veterinar

Pengenalan

• Apa itu Selsema Burung

  Apa itu selesema burung ?

  Selesema burung ialah penyakit berjangkit yang boleh menjejaskan kesihatan dan menyebabkan kematian terutama kepada burung-burung domestik seperti ayam, angsa, itik dan ayam belanda

  What is bird flu?

  Bird flu or avian influenza is a highly contagious disease which can cause sickness and death especially in domesticated birds like chickens, geese, ducks and turkeys.

  Apakah yang menyebabkan penyakit ini?

  Selesema burung disebabkan oleh virus avian influenza (AI) yang biasanya boleh berjangkit kepada burung, kadang kala kepada babi dan jarang-jarang kepada kuda, anjing laut, ikan paus, manusia dan juga lain-lain binatang. Terdapat banyak jenis subtypes virus AI, misalnya H5N1.

  What causes it?

  Bird flu is caused by avian influenza (AI) virus which normally only infects birds, less commonly pigs and rarely horses, seals, whales, humans and other animals. There are many subtypes of AI virus.

  Dari mana datangnya virus ini?

  Virus ini telah wujud lebih dari se abad yang lalu dan wujud secara semulajadi dikalangan burung-burung liar yang selalunya tidak mengalami penyakit kesan dari virus tersebut

  Where did the virus come from?

  The avian influenza virus has been around for over a century and occurs naturally among wild birds which usually do not get sick from it.

  Kenapa ketika ini selesema burung membimbangkan?

  Subtype H5N1 yang mula-mula dikesan pada tahun 1997 tersebar dikalangan burung-burung di seluruh dunia pada masa kini. Semenjak 2003 ianya telah merebak di Negara-negara Asia dan Eropah yang menyebabkan kadar kematian yang tinggi pada ayam itik dan burung liar. Lebih 200 juta ekor ayam itik dan burung liar telah mati atau dibunuh disebabkan oleh virus ini semenjak tahun 1997. Virus H5N1 juga boleh berjangkit kepada manusia dalam keadaan tertentu

  Why is bird flu of concern now?

  The subtype H5N1 currently circulating among birds worldwide was first detected in 1997. Since 2003 has spread among many countries in Asia and Europe causing heavy mortalities in poultry flocks and wild birds. Over 200 million poultry and birds have died or were killed since 1997 due to this virus. The H5N1 virus is also capable of causing disease in humans under certain circumstances.

  Dimanakah H5N1 telah dilaporkan?

  Virus H5N1 telah dilaporkan di beberapa Negara tetapi pada masa ini aktif di China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey, Romania dan lain-lain negara.

  Where has H5N1 been reported?

  H5N1 virus has been reported in several countries but currently active in China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey, Romania and other countries.

  Adakah penyakit selesema burung di Malaysia?

  Malaysia bebas dari penyakit selesema burung sehingga Ogos 2004 apabila kes pertama dikesan di Kelantan. Penyakit ini telah berjaya di benteras dengan segera dan Malaysia diiktiraf bebas dari penyakit ini pada 5 Januari 2005. Kes terpencil sekali lagi dilaporkan kira-kira satu tahun kemudian di Kuala Lumpur yang sedang dibasmikan.

  Is there bird flu in Malaysia?

  Malaysia has been free from bird flu until August 2004 when cases were detected for the first time, in Kelantan. The disease was promptly eradicated and Malaysia’s disease-free status was reinstated on 5 January 2005. Isolated cases are again reported exactly one year later, in Kuala Lumpur which is being eradicated.

   

  Apakah tanda-tanda penyakit selesema burung pada unggas?

  · Murung dan kurang selera

  · Batuk, bersin dan lelehan dari hidung

  · Bengkak di kepala, balung, pial dan kaki

  · Balung, pial dan kaki berubah warna kepada ungu

  · Cirit berwarna kehijauan

  · Pengeluaran telur jatuh

  · Dalam kes yang teruk kematian mengejut berlaku dan kadar kematian tinggi

  What are the symptoms of bird flu in birds?

  · Depression and lack of appetite

  · Coughing, sneezing and nasal discharge

  · Swelling of head, comb, wattles and eyelids

  · Purple discoloration of comb, wattles and legs

  · Greenish diarrhea

  · Drop in egg production

  · Sudden death and high mortality in severe cases

  Bagaimana penyakit ini merebak?

  · Burung hijrah

  · Pergerakan unggas yang terjangkit.

  How does the disease spread?

  · Migratory birds

  · Movement of infected birds

  Bagaimana unggas mendapat jangkitan?

  Virus terdapat dalam najis, air liur dan lelehan dari hidung unggas yang terjangkit. Unggas boleh dijangkiti apabila tersentuh dengan benda-benda ini, dengan unggas yang mati, makanan, air, peralatan, kenderaan dan lain-lain benda yang tercemar.

  How do birds get infected?

  Virus is shed in feces, saliva and nasal secretions of infected birds. Birds get infected when they come into contact with these, with dead birds and with contaminated feed and water, equipments, vehicles and other objects.

  Apakah risiko jangkitan berlaku kepada manusia?

  Virus avian influenza biasanya tidak akan menjangkiti manusia tetapi orang boleh terjangkit apabila sentiasa bersentuhan rapat dengan unggas terjangkit dan najisnya. Hanya 140 kes yang dilaporkan pada manusia, kebanyakkannya di Asia Tenggara (Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia dan China) dengan 70 kematian, walaupun jangkitan ini tersebar luas pada unggas dan burung liar.

  What is the risk of infection in humans?

  Avian influenza viruses do not usually infect humans but people can contract the disease through close contact with infected poultry and the feces. Only 140 human cases reported, mostly in South East Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and China) with over 70 deaths, despite widespread outbreaks in poultry and wild birds.

  Siapakah yang berisiko?

  Orang-orang yang bekerja dikalangan burung dan ayam itik, di rumah sembelih dan yang mengendali daging mentah dan baja (najis ayam) menghadapi risiko jangkitan. Langkah-langkah pencegahan ialah:

  · Guna pakaian perlindungan yang lengkap (sarung tangan, gogal, kasut but, topeng, cover-all)

  · Sentiasa membasuh tangan

  · Kendali daging mentah dan produk dengan bersih

  Who are at risk?

  People working with birds and poultry flocks, in slaughter house and those handling raw meat and manure are at risk. Necessary precautions should be taken at all times.

  · Use of protective attire (gloves, goggles, boots, mask, cover-all)

  · Washing hands frequently

  · Hygienic handling of raw meat and products

  Adakah daging ayam selamat untuk dimakan?

  Daging ayam itik dan telur yang dikeluarkan secara komersial di Negara ini adalah selamat untuk dimakan. Kes yang terjadi di Negara kita adalah terhad kepada ayam yang lepas bebas. Malah tidak ada bukti bahawa dengan memakan daging ayam itik dan telur boleh menyebabkan penyakit selesema burung, namun adalah wajar daging dan telur dimasak secukupnya. Produk mentah perlu dikendalikan secara bersih terutama di tempat berlakunya wabak.

  Is chicken meat is safe to eat?

  Poultry meat and eggs produced commercially in the country are safe for consumption as both outbreaks in the country are localized and restricted to free roaming chicken. There is also no evidence that consumption of poultry meat and eggs can cause bird flu, however it is advisable to always cook meat and eggs properly. Hygienic handling of raw products is important in places where outbreaks occur.

  Apakah yang dilakukan oleh kerajaan kita?

  Semenjak akhir tahun 2003, disebabkan ancaman dari burung hijrah dan penyeludupan di sempadan , survelan di Negara kita diperhebatkan untuk mengesan dan membasmi virus secepat mungkin. Kawalan sempadan dan pemeriksaan veterinar di pintu masuk diperkukuhkan.

  What is our government doing?

  Since late 2003, due to threat from migratory birds and smuggling across the borders, surveillance in the country was enhanced to detect and eradicate the virus quickly. Border control and veterinary checks at entry points have been strengthened.

  Apakah yang dilakukan oleh Jabatan Perkhidmatan Haiwan (JPH)?

  Selain dari memperketatkan pintu-pintu masuk negara, strategi kawalan penyakit ialah untuk mengesan virus AI dengan cepat dan mengambil tindakan segera untuk membasmi jangkitan dan mencegah wabak. Langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mengesan virus ialah:

  · Survelan klinikal dan virologikal di ladang-ladang ayam, itik, puyuh dan lain-lain ladang, burung yang diimport, kedai haiwan kesayangan, burung hijrah, zoo, aviary, ayam kampong, ayam sabung, kawasan sempadan, pasar, rumah sembelih dan lain-lain

  · Sampel diambil secara berkala di semua premis ini untuk ujian di makmal

  · Kadar kematian lebih dari 3% wajib dilaporkan ke JPH

  · Larangan import dari Negara yang dijangkiti

  · Siasatan serta merta jika ada laporan kematian pada unggas

  What is Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) doing?

  In addition to tightening the entry points, the strategy is to detect the AI virus quickly once it enters the susceptible bird populations in the country so that immediate actions are taken to eradicate and to stop spread of disease. Steps taken to detect virus:

  · Clinical and virology surveillance in chicken, duck, quail and other farms, imported birds, pet shops, migratory birds, zoo, aviaries, village chicken, fighting cocks, border areas, wet markets, slaughter houses and etc.

  · Samples are taken at regular intervals at all these premises for laboratory testing

  · Compulsory reporting to DVS of mortalities of >3% by farmers and others

  · Prohibition of imports from infected countries

  · Immediate investigation of reports of deaths in birds

  Apakah yang harus dilakukan oleh penternak ayam itik dan lain-lain premis unggas di dalam mencegah jangkitan?

  · Kebersihan dan biosekuriti ladang sangat penting

  · Penggunaan jaring kalis burung di bangsal ayam itik supaya burung liar tidak dapat masuk ke bangsal

  · Beli stok ayam itik dari sumber yang boleh dipercayai

  What should poultry farms and other bird premises do to prevent infection?

  · Cleanliness, hygiene and biosecurity in farms are very important

  · Use of bird-proof nets in poultry houses to keep wild birds away from poultry

  · Buy poultry stocks from reliable sources

  Apakah yang perlu saya lakukan sebagai seorang awam untuk membantu ?

  · Lapor serta merta kepada JPH jika terdapat unggas yang sakit atau mati

  · Jangan melupus sendiri unggas atau ayamitik yang mati

  · Jangan memberi makanan kepada burung-burung liar

  · Jangan impot atau membawa burung, daging ayam itik atau baja tanpa kebenaran dari pihak JPH

  · Jangan membeli atau membawa balik burung haiwan kesayangan ke rumah tanpa pemeriksaan dari doktor veterinar

  · Jika burung haiwan kesayangan anda sakit sila bawa ke doktor veterinar serta merta

  · Jika iannya menunjukkan tanda-tanda penyakit seperti yang disebutkan diatas sila lapor ke JPH

  · Lapor ke JPH jika anda mengetahui berkenaan penyeludupan burung atau daging secara haram

  · Jangan menyertai pertandingan ayam laga atau apa-apa pertandingan burung yang haram

  · Lapor ke JPH jika anda mengetahui berkenaan pertandingan ayam laga

  What can I do as a public to help?

  · Report to DVS immediately about sick or dead poultry or wild birds you come across

  · Do not dispose dead birds or poultry yourself

  · Do not feed stray/wild birds

  · Do not import or transport birds, poultry meat or manure without DVS approval

  · Do not buy or take home pet birds without having them examined by a vet

  · If your pet bird is sick take it to the vet immediately

  · If it shows the symptoms mentioned above report to DVS

  · Report to DVS about illegally imported birds or meat you know of

  · Do not participate in cock fighting or unauthorized bird competitions

  · Report to DVS if you come across cock fighting competitions

• Bagaimana Anda Boleh Membantu?

   Bagaimana Anda Boleh Membantu

• Risalah

  Risalah

• AVIAN FLU RAPID ACTION TEAM (RAT)

  AVIAN FLU RAPID ACTION TEAM (RAT)

  State : Perak

  Name of Officer	Office Phone No.	Mobile Phone No.	House Phone No.
  Dr Ahmad Shukri Abdullah	5459122 - 208	013-7726296
  Dr Yusniza Mohd Yusof	5459122 - 212	019-6295232
  G.Tambe Raja	5459122 - 226	019-4160675	-
  A. Muniandy	5459122 -229	012-5168373	05-5455767
  Mohamad Noor Zulkifli	5459122 - 233	013-5251097	-
  Samsul bin Mior Hamzah	5459122 - 224	012-4094696	-

  Department of Veterinary Services (DVS), Perak,
  Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah Utara, 31400 Ipoh.
  Tel. 605 5459111/122/133,
  
  Fax: 605 5482712 (Director); 605 5461322 (Industry); 605 5461486 (Health) 605 5472561 (Administration & Finance)

  DVS HEADQUARTERS, MALAYSIA
  
  Tel. Hotline HPAI, Putrajaya:
  03-8870 2041
  03-8870 2042

• Laporan Persampelan

  Laporan Persampelan 2010

  Laporan Persampelan 2008

  Laporan Persampelan 2008

  Persampelan Sebelum Eksport/Data Eksport

• Statistik

  Kedai Haiwan Kesayangan

  Kws Persinggahan B.Hijrah

• Dokumentasi

  Manual Procedure

  Carta Aliran

• Borang

  Borang I - Inventori & Pemusnahan Ternakan & Harta Benda Borang II - Permohonan Pampasan

Ke Menu Kesihatan Veterinar

1. Soalan Lazim

• SOALAN LAZIM IMPORT HAIWAN KESAYANGAN

  Baka tertentu anjing tidak boleh diimport ke negara ini manakala terdapat sekatan ke atas import beberapa baka anjing lain. Sila rujuk kepada Senarai Baka Anjing Terlarang / Terhad dan syarat-syarat kelulusan pengimportan Baka Anjing Terhad.

   

  Haiwan eksotik asal hidupan liar mungkin tertakluk kepada syarat-syarat pemuliharaan hidupan liar di bawah CITES. Sila rujuk kepada Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara untuk maklumat lanjut.

   

  Import adalah tertakluk kepada peraturan-peraturan mengimport Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Malaysia (DVS). Untuk jenis haiwan dan produk-produk yang tidak disenaraikan, sila tulis kepada kami untuk peraturan-peraturan khusus.

  .

  • Adakah terdapat sekatan ke atas jenis-jenis haiwan yang boleh diimport?
  • Bagaimana saya mengimport haiwan kesayangan ke Malaysia?

   

  Anjing dan kucing hendaklah sekurang-kurangnya berumur 3 bulan pada masa import.

   

  Tidak ada sekatan ke atas bilangan haiwan yang boleh diimport oleh seseorang. Walau bagaimanapun, pihak berkuasa tempatan di Malaysia mempunyai peraturan-peraturan yang berkaitan dengan bilangan anjing yang boleh disimpan di dalam premis kediaman.

   

  Ini tidak perlu (kecuali untuk baka anjing terhad) tetapi adalah dinasihatkan.

   

  Anda dikehendaki untuk mendapatkan permit import daripada jabatan ini untuk mengimport haiwan kesayangan ke Malaysia. Haiwan yang tiba tanpa permit import tidak boleh dibenarkan masuk oleh pegawai-pegawai kuarantin haiwan di pintu masuk. Untuk mengimport haiwan eksotik atau hidupan liar sebagai haiwan kesayangan, anda mungkin juga perlu mendapatkan kelulusan daripada Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara sebelum memohon permit import daripada Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar.

   

  - Bagi pengimportan ke Semenanjung Malaysia, permit import hendaklah diperolehi daripada Pengarah Jabatan Veterinar Negeri atau Ketua Pengarah, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar, Malaysia.

   

  - Bagi pengimportan ke Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak, pertanyaan dan permohonan hendaklah dibuat kepada negeri-negeri berkenaan.

   

  Anda perlu mengemukakan permohonan bersama-sama dengan satu salinan rekod vaksinasi semasa dan yuran permit import berjumlah lima Ringgit Malaysia (RM 5.00) bagi setiap anjing / kucing. Bayaran ini boleh dibayar secara tunai atau melalui bank draf, kiriman wang atau wang pos, yang dibayar kepada Ketua Pengarah Perkhidmatan Veterinar Malaysia atau Pengarah Negeri yang berkenaan. Pemohon di luar negara boleh mengemukakan permohonan melalui pos atau melalui wakil tempatan (rakan, saudara atau ejen di Malaysia).

  
  
  Anda boleh :

  i. Mendapatkan borang permohonan daripada pejabat di atas ATAU
  ii. memuat turun PDF version

  • Adakah terdapat syarat umur minimum untuk pengimportan?
  • Berapa banyak haiwan kesayangan yang boleh saya import?
  • Adakah haiwan kesayangan saya perlu dilengkapi dengan  mikrocip?
  • Adakah saya memerlukan Permit Import?
  • Di mana boleh saya dapatkan permit import?
  • Bagaimana boleh saya dapatkan permit import?

  
  
  
  

   
  •  

  Permit dikeluarkan dalam masa sehari.

   

  Permit import adalah sah selama 30 hari dari tarikh dikeluarkan.

   

  Haiwan kesayangan yang tiba di Malaysia hendaklah disertakan dengan Sijil Kesihatan Veterinar dikeluarkan oleh Pihak Berkuasa Kesihatan Veterinar negara pengeksport yang mematuhi peraturan-peraturan import.

   

  • Berapakah tempoh untuk mendapatkan permit import?
  • Apakah tempoh sah permit import?

  
  
  
  

   
  •  

  Import adalah tertakluk kepada peraturan-peraturan mengimport Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Malaysia (DVS).

   

  Haiwan peliharaan hanya boleh diimport sebagai kargo pengiriman dan hendaklah diisytiharkan kepada Pegawai Kuarantin Haiwan di tempat pendaratan untuk pelepasan masuk.

   

  Walaupun tidak diwajibkan, tetapi adalah baik untuk memaklumkan kepada Pegawai Kuarantin Haiwan di pintu masuk (lihat senarai pintu masuk) berkenaan dengan maklumat anggaran waktu ketibaan dan maklumat penerbangan untuk pelepasan masuk lebih cepat.

   

  Haiwan peliharaan mungkin  tidak dibenarkan masuk atau tertakluk kepada apa-apa tindakan yang difikirkan sesuai oleh Pegawai Kuarantin Haiwan.

   

  Untuk kelulusan kemasukan, haiwan peliharaan mesti mendarat hanya di pintu masuk yang dinyatakan dalam permit import. Haiwan peliharaan yang memerlukan kuarantin hanya boleh mendarat di KLIA, Pulau Pinang atau Padang Besar di mana kemudahan kuarantin disediakan.

   

   Haiwan peliharaan adalah diperlukan untuk mendarat dan diluluskan masuk di pintu masuk yang dinyatakan dalam permit import. Transit haiwan peliharaan di tempat-tempat kemasukan lain tidak dibenarkan tanpa kebenaran oleh pegawai Kuarantin Haiwan di pintu masuk yang ditetapkan.

   

  Selain daripada caj Kastam, kemasukan haiwan peliharaan adalah tertakluk kepada caj pemeriksaan veterinar.

   

  Salinan asal permit import, sijil kesihatan daripada pihak berkuasa veterinar negara pengeksport dan kelulusan CITES (jika perlu) hendaklah dikemukakan kepada Pegawai Kuarantin Haiwan untuk pelepasan. Semua dokumen hendaklah dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa Inggeris.

   

  Sijil Kesihatan Veterinar hendaklah bertarikh dalam tempoh 7 hari eksport kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya dalam peraturan import.

   

  Haiwan peliharaan juga boleh dibawa masuk bersendirian tanpa pemilik atau individu. Seorang wakil tempatan (rakan, saudara atau ejen di Malaysia) boleh dilantik oleh pemilik untuk mengendalikan pemeriksaan di pintu masuk dan hal-hal berkaitan dengan kuarantin.

   

  Anjing dan kucing dari United Kingdom, Republik Ireland, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Jepun, Brunei dan Singapura tidak tertakluk kepada syarat kuarantin dengan syarat haiwan itu sihat dan semua dokumen adalah lengkap. Anjing dan kucing dari negara-negara lain adalah tertakluk kepada kuarantin sekurang-kurangnya 7 hari.

   

   Kemudahan kuarantin untuk anjing dan kucing disediakan di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur (KLIA) di Sepang, Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Pulau Pinang dan Padang Besar (Sempadan Perlis-Thailand).

   

  Untuk haiwan peliharaan yang mesti dikuarantin, permit import hendaklah dikeluarkan hanya selepas pengesahan ruang kuarantin yang ditentukan oleh Stesen Kuarantin Haiwan berkenaan. Oleh itu apabila permit import dikeluarkan, ini bermakna kuarantin dikhaskan untuk ketibaan.

   

  Pegawai Kuarantin Haiwan di pintu masuk akan membantu dalam pengangkutan haiwan ke stesen kuarantin.

   

  Ya, pemilik dan sesiapa yang diberi kuasa olehnya dibenarkan untuk melawat haiwan setiap hari pada jam 8.00 pagi hingga 4.00 petang. Bagaimanapun, pengunjung dinasihatkan supaya mematuhi segala undang-undang dan peraturan-peraturan stesyen kuarantin sepenuhnya.

   

  Caj kuarantin untuk anjing dan kucing adalah lebih kurang RM 79.00 dan RM 72.00 masing-masing setiap minggu. Caj ini tidak termasuk makanan dan kos-kos rawatan yang mungkin diperlukan.

  • Apakah syarat-syarat dan prosedur semasa pengimportan sebenar?
  • Adakah saya perlu memberitahu pegawai di pintu masuk mengenai kedatangan haiwan peliharaan saya?
  • Apakah yang akan berlaku jika sewaktu mengimport, saya tidak mematuhi peraturan-peraturan dan prosedur?

  1. Syarat-syarat atau prosedur semasa pengimportan sebenar

  • Apakah syarat-syarat dan prosedur semasa pengimportan sebenar?
  • Adakah saya perlu memberitahu pegawai di pintu masuk mengenaikedatangan haiwan peliharaan saya?
  • Apakah yang akan berlaku jika sewaktu mengimport, saya tidak mematuhi peraturan-peraturan dan prosedur?

  1. Pelepasan Pintu Masuk

     • Adakah terdapat sekatan di pintu masuk?
     • Bolehkah haiwan peliharaan saya transit di pintu masuk  lain di Malaysia?
     • Adakah terdapat caj yang dikenakan untuk pelepasan masuk?
     • Apakah dokumen yang diperlukan untuk pelepasan di pintu masuk?
     • Apakah tempoh sah sijil kesihatan?
     • Adakah apa-apa masalah sekiranya saya tidak melakukan perjalanan bersama dengan haiwan peliharaan saya?

  2. Kuarantin

     • Adakah haiwan peliharaan saya tertakluk kepada  kuarantin dan berapa lamakah tempoh kuarantin?
     • Pintu-pintu masuk yang manakah disediakan dengan kemudahan kuarantin?
     • Adakah saya perlu membuat tempahan kuarantin untuk haiwan peliharaan saya?
     • Bagaimana boleh saya membawa haiwan peliharaan saya ke stesen kuarantin?
     • Bolehkah saya melawat peliharaan saya semasa kuarantin?
     • Berapakah caj kuarantin?

• SOALAN LAZIM RISALAH A-Z

   

• KURSUS ASAS SIRI 1/2021

  Pautan PDF

2. Berita Pautan

Berita

		INFLUENZA A
	▪NIP Capable Of Testing For Influenza A(H1N1) ▪Mexico scrubs itself clean to combat flu outbreak ▪Flu spreads in U.S., world, winds down in Mexico ▪Mexico scrubs itself clean to combat flu outbreak ▪Worldwide H1N1 flu tally tops 2,000 - WHO ▪Mexico gets back to normal, China eases quarantine ▪WHO: Swine flu cases worldwide top 2,000 ▪Three in isolation cleared of A (h1N1) virus ▪Singapore tightens flu control ▪Asean health ministers to discuss outbreak ▪Veterinary dept to test two pig vaccines ▪Better to be proactive in tackling influenza: Dr Chan ▪Swine Flu: Three suspected cases in isolation ward cleared ▪Mexico gets back to normal, flu advances in Europe ▪No Cases Of H1N1 In Asean Countries So Far ▪Sweden 23rd Country To Report Influenza A Case ▪M'sia Wants Asean To Institute Influenza Surveillance Mechanism ▪WHO puts flu tally at 1,893 cases in 23 countries ▪China lifts quarantine on Mexican flight passengers ▪Asia largely spared from swine flu outbreak ▪Three more cleared of H1N1 ▪Labuan sets up flu ops room ▪Operations room set up to oversee flu ▪9,801 screened at all entry points ▪Mexico gets back to normal, flu advances in Europe ▪WHO to weigh flu vaccine switch next week ▪Second strain of flu may complicate picture - study ▪Dr Ismail: Still no case of H1N1 ▪Batam Seaports Use Manual Thermometers.. ▪Guatemala The Latest Infected With Influenza A (H1N1) ▪1,490 Influenza A(H1N1) Cases Reported Worldwide ▪Flu virus kills Texan; European cases rises ▪Swine Flu: No confirmed cases in Malaysia ▪Vet dept identifying other flu viruses ▪New flu kills 2nd person in US, spreads globally ▪Man treated at Sarawak GH not suffering from Influenza A ▪Flu-hit Mexico plans recovery, pork trade row erupts ▪1,490 Influenza A(H1N1) Cases Reported Worldwide ▪Man Treated At Sarawak GH Not Suffering H1N1 ▪U.S. reports second swine flu death, in Texas ▪All four patients cleared of Influenza A (H1N1) ▪Worldwide flu cases escalate ▪Sarawak man back from US tested negative for flu ▪Number of victims H1N1 exceeds 1,000 ▪S. Korean nun gets virus from colleague ▪Mexicans reel from global backlash of flu ▪Patient cleared of H1N1 virus ▪Be hygienic to ward off flu: Goh ▪State Immigration Dept monitoring all arrivals ▪A(H1N1) virus cases in 3 more countries ▪Dept identifying other flu virus ▪Swine flu deaths at 26 with 1,085 infections: WHO ▪Flu-hit Mexico plans recovery, pork trade row erupts ▪WHO may declare level 6 alert ▪New flu kills 2nd person in U.S., spreads globally ▪Flu spat cools budding Mexico-China relationship ▪Texan dies of swine flu; Mexico ready for business ▪Eight patients cleared of H1N1 virus ▪H1N1: Brunei quarantines 200 tourists ▪Swine flu records 1,883 cases with 31deaths ▪Four in isolation cleared of H1N1 virus ▪Another Three Countries Hit By Influenza A (H1N1) ▪Veterinary Department Identifying Other Flu Viruses ▪H1N1 Suspected Case In Sarawak, Result To Be Known..
	▪Chinese, Mexicans return home as flu fears ease ▪WHO starts shipping antiflu drug to poor countries ▪More than 4,000 screened at KLIA ▪Penang Airport to have new thermal scanner ▪Pork in Malaysia safe to eat, says Veterinary Dept ▪Steps in place to deal with viral flu outbreak ▪20 countries have confirmed cases: WHO ▪Italy & Ireland confirm influenza A (H1N1) cases ▪No rationale to impose travel restrictions: WHO ▪Man rushed to A(H1N1) ward ▪Italy & Ireland Confirm Influenza A(H1N1) Cases ▪Tighter Screening For H1N1 Influenza At Dubai International ▪Mexico breathes easier but flu pandemic likely ▪WHO may not raise flu pandemic alert - U.N.'s Ban ▪China denies flu bigotry, Mexico announces flight ▪Portugal reports first confirmed case of swine flu ▪Spain raises to 54 number of swine flu cases ▪New swine flu cases in Europe, US, Latin America ▪WHO may raise flu alert to Level Six ▪Mexico says flu epidemic over the worst ▪Mexico optimistic about efforts to contain flu ▪Use drugs properly, says expert ▪New Zealander does not have influenza A ▪New US kit can test in hours instead of weeks ▪1.7 million pigs to be vaccinated against flu mutation		▪New reagent from CDC to speed up tests ▪Kiwi cleared of flu virus ▪Virologist: Use Tamiflu and vaccines wisely ▪Freeze on pork import ▪Swine flu virus spreads to three more countries ▪Ministry to keep an eye on prices of consumer goods ▪New permits to import pork no longer issued ▪Virologist: Use Tamiflu and vaccines wisely ▪Swine Flu: US expects hike in cases ▪What mask? ▪Echoes of 1918 — the Killer epidemic ▪A(H1NI) spreads to 3 more countries ▪Virologist: Use Tamiflu, vaccines wisely ▪Swine flu arrives in Asia ▪Pigs to be vaccinated soon against virus ▪Temporary freeze on permits for pork imports ▪Quicker tests for flu with new reagent ▪New Zealander cleared of flu ▪HIV Patients At Higher Risk From Flu, WHO Says ▪WHO Still Believes Flu Pandemic Is Imminent ▪Swine Flu Won't Hamper Mexican Participation At WOC ▪Influenza A(H1N1) Spreads To Three More Countries ▪New Permits To Import Pork No Longer Issued ▪New Zealander Tests Negative For Influenza A (H1N1) ▪Virologist: Use Tamiflu And Vaccines Wisely	▪Transit Passengers Screened Also, Says Immigration Dg ▪NZ Tourist Isolated For Influenza A(H1N1) Testing ▪Air Travellers From Hong Kong And Denmark Screened ▪Mexico reacts angrily to China flu measures ▪Flu pandemic still likely but Mexico cases easing ▪HIV patients at higher risk from flu, WHO says ▪ADB says prepared to assist Asian countries on flu ▪UK swine flu cases rise to 16 ▪Mexico swine flu death toll jumps to 19 ▪Asia reports no new swine flu cases ▪Developments on swine flu worldwide ▪Canada: 1st pigs found with new swine flu virus ▪Kiwi's specimen sent for influenza A tests ▪Mexico upbeat on battle vs Influenza A (H1N1) ▪New Zealander tested free of Influenza A (H1N1) ▪Air travellers from 3 countries to be screened ▪Cooperation against flu intensified: Dr Chan ▪Malaysians who contract virus in HK to be cared for ▪Local woman on plane with 'sick' Mexican quarantined ▪Penang is all prepared for the worst... ▪A (H1N1) FLU & YOU ▪Tests on Kiwi who fell ill ▪All out to ward off flu threat ▪Samples from NZ'er sent to medical research institute ▪Mexico Shuts Down But Sees Flu Outbreak Stabilising
	▪Hong Kong hotel quarantine move stirs controversy ▪Mexico cuts flu death toll, businesses shut down ▪S.Korea confirms first case of H1N1 flu - Yonhap ▪Swine flu: HK quarantines hundreds at hotel ▪Tourists shun Mexico, embrace Caribbean amid flu ▪US airlines cutting service to Mexico ▪WHO will take vaccine gamble with swine flu ▪Mexico seeks better picture of flu outbreak ▪Mexican flu outbreak may be mild - US CDC ▪HIV patients at higher risk from flu, WHO says ▪Lower Mexico flu death toll heartens nervous world ▪Don't call it swine flu ▪Influenza A: Strict Immigration checks at land entry points ▪Influenza A: 'Jabs won't give protection' ▪Influenza A: Drop in new cases in Mexico ▪Influenza A: Virus spreads to two more countries ▪Signs of the times ▪South Korea 2nd nation in Asia to be hit by flu ▪Swine flu tag now called A (H1N1) ▪Happy to be screened for H1N1 fever ▪No need to panic, Malaysians told ▪Follow rules or lose licences, pig farms told ▪No truth to Penang quarantine talk ▪Call It Influenza A (H1N1), Not Swine Flu - Liow ▪Home Ministry Acts To Tackle 'Swine Influenza' ▪Swine flu is now Influenza A (H1N1) (Update) ▪Britain confirms flu in man who had not been in Mexico ▪HK confirms first case of new H1N1, seals off hotel ▪Mexico encouraged by fall in new flu cases ▪Iraq to cull wild boars in Baghdad Zoo to halt flu ▪WHO says no emergency committee meeting scheduled ▪U.S. farmers fear pigs may get "swine" flu from people ▪Mexico begins shutting down as flu fears spread ▪Mexico: 300 confirmed swine flu cases, 12 dead ▪More schools close, swine flu cases pass 100 ▪Swine flu may be 'drastic' in some countries - IMF ▪Import of live pigs, pork, pork products banned ▪Sabah not banning imported banned pork products ▪S'wak bans imports of live pigs, pork products ▪RM13m for flu vaccinations ▪Swine flu: Japanese envoy wants to stay informed ▪Swine flu: Malaysians living in NY worried ▪Swine flu: Elderly and very young at greater risk ▪SWINE FLU: Public cooperation is essential ▪Malaysia on high alert ▪WHO raises alert to Phase Five ▪Travellers screened at entry point ▪Expert: Outbreak could be as serious as 1918 Spanish Flu ▪Preparing for the worst ▪SWINE FLU: Key Facts & Figures ▪W.H.O: Pandemic ‘likely’..		▪India Ups Tamiflu Stock.. ▪Sarawak Bans Imports Of Live Pigs.. ▪Flu Jabs Can Filter, Not Protect.. ▪IMR Is Referral Lab For Swine Flu ▪S'pore Raises Mexican Swine Flu Alert ▪China Develops Sensitive Test Kit .. ▪EU Health Ministers To Hold Emergency.. ▪M'sians In UAE Urged To Take Extra.. ▪Swine flu source spawns wild theories ▪Egypt starts pig slaughter.. ▪SE Asia health ministers to meet.. ▪Mexico flu strikes wrestlers to politicians ▪Activate pandemic preparedness plans.. ▪Mexico orders economic shutdown.. ▪Bangkok fights flu scare.. ▪World on edge of pandemic ▪Asean health ministers to meet... ▪China develops sensitive test kit.. ▪NZ records 13 confirmed swine flu cases ▪WHO raises flu threat level.. ▪Virus may mutate to pose ▪200,000 personnel to get flu vaccine.. ▪Ministry confirms patient not infected.. ▪M'sians in NY fret over swine flu ▪Before there was swine flu... ▪Overseas missions keeping watch.. ▪Despite concerns over swine flu.. ▪WHO raises swine flu alert level ▪Pandemic could hit local economy ▪Mexico City shuts itself in ▪World runs scared ▪Asean gears up to address swine flu ▪MAS activates operating procedures..
			▪Klang Valley pork sales down 20% ▪Swine flu: Don't panic, but stay alert, says Liow ▪Farmers want immediate approval of pig vaccinations ▪New swine flu infections intensify travel fears ▪New Zealand Records 13 Confirmed Swine Flu Cases ▪WHO raises flu threat level, warns pandemic imminent ▪Patient Confirmed Not Infected With Swine Flu ▪Clean hands, stop flu ▪WHO confirms human cases of swine flu ▪Swine flu alert for aviation sector ▪Swine flu may impact plantation firms ▪Swine flu continues to weigh on Asian shares ▪Msia still free of epidemic ▪World battles to curb swine flu; Msia still free of epidemic ▪Asean Gears Up To Address Swine Flu ▪MAS Activates Operating Procedures For Pandemic ▪FLFAM Calls For H1N1 Vaccine Be Brought In From U.S. ▪Swine Flu: Singaporeans Should Be Prepared ▪First step towards usable vaccine
	▪Name strikes fear among pork eaters ▪Pig farms in Perak get clean bill of health after inspections ▪WHO raises flu threat level, warns pandemic imminent ▪Name of deadly flu virus causes of consternation ▪Egypt orders cull of pig herds, U.N. says a mistake ▪WHO says no sign flu outbreak slowing ▪Mexican boy visiting Texas 1st US swine flu death ▪WHO says swine flu pandemic is imminent ▪MAS issues operating guidelines on handling outbreak ▪Malaysian missions to monitor situation ▪WHO says 114 cases of swine flu, eight deaths reported ▪Texas flu death first outside Mexico; new Eu cases ▪Swine flu could threaten millions with other diseases ▪Britain confirms three new swine flu cases ▪Egypt orders mass cull of pigs over swine flu scare ▪Time for 'utmost' precautions on swine flu - Obama ▪U.S. has first death from swine flu - govt official ▪Swine flu widens in Europe with first German cases ▪Joint exercise held to face possible flu pandemic ▪Ban on pig imports from affected nations ▪Swine flu strikes fear in Lukut residents ▪Nipah virus's brief but deadly reign of terror ▪New swine flu infections intensify travel fears ▪Obama seeks $1.5 bln for swine flu as cases jump		▪Mexico swine flu deaths as many as 159 ▪Obama asks for $1.5 bln to help fight flu ▪WHO awaits U.S. confirmation on human flu.. ▪Swine flu cases increase, hurting markets.. ▪SWINE FLU: Steps taken to prevent outbreak ▪Swine flu: Asean gears up ▪Screening team stationed at Thai border ▪Swine Flu: MAS issues SOPs for outbreak ▪Swine Flu Watch and FAQ ▪Swine Flu: Overseas missions asked to monitor ▪Swine flu death in Mexico increases to 159 ▪MCA squad to provide info on swine flu ▪Country free from swine flu: D-G ▪S’wak steps up surveillance at all entry points ▪M'sian Missions Overseas To Monitor Swine Flu.. ▪Singapore Raises Swine Flu Alert ▪Swine flu confirmed in Israel and New Zealand ▪Thai Woman Suspected Of Contracting Swine Flu ▪Swine Flu: 428 screened at KLIA ▪Country Free From Swine Flu ▪No Swine Flu Cases In Malaysia Yet ▪Swine Flu Holds A Grip On Msians In New York ▪Sarawak Steps Up Surveillance At Entry Points ▪Thai New Committee To Prevent Swine Flu..
	▪WHO not recommending swine flu travel restrictions ▪FACTBOX - How does weather affect the spread of flu? ▪FACTBOX - New flu strain kills more than 140 ▪Across Asia, mood calm but wary.. ▪World battles to curb swine flu; Msia still free of epidemic ▪Association agrees that H1N1 vaccine be used on pigs ▪Malaysia has H1N1 vaccine for swine flu ▪WHO ups flu alert level, world closer to pandemic ▪Swine flu scare prompts pork trade bans ▪Thais Can Travel To Flu-affected Countries ▪No Swine Flu Cases In Singapore ▪India Issues Travel Advisory For Visit To Flu-hit Nations ▪Swine Flu FAQ ▪World battles to curb deadly Mexico flu strain ▪Learning from SARS, China vows swift flu reporting ▪Flu kills 149 in Mexico, world closer to pandemic ▪U.S. swine flu case numbers rise, more expected ▪WHO raises pandemic flu alert level to phase 4 ▪SKorean being tested for possible swine flu ▪Pig farms told to check health of livestock ▪Postpone trips to affected nations ▪Govt: Avoid going to flu-hit areas ▪Report symptoms immediately, pig farms told ▪DPM: Protocols in place to prevent spread
	▪Take concrete steps to check swine flu ▪Swine flu less deadly but spreads more easily ▪Spain confirms 1st case in Europe ▪It's under control, says Mexican envoy ▪Swine flu: 'It is under control' ▪Order Out To Pig Farms Over Swine Flu Outbreak ▪Pork Imports Should Stop Immediately: FLFAM ▪Malaysia Has H1N1 Vaccine For Swine Flu ▪World flu epidemic fear rises, Mexicans take refuge ▪Spain first in Europe to report swine flu ▪After SARS and bird flu, Asia wary of new virus ▪Over 100 dead in Mexico flu outbreak, markets jittery ▪Avoid travel to swine-flu-hit countries: Liow ▪Monitoring Stepped Up At Entry Points ▪World flu epidemic risk grows.. ▪World ready to withstand potential pandemic .. ▪Twenty swine flu cases confirmed in U.S... ▪World flu epidemic fear rises, .. ▪Freeze import of port, govt urged ▪Flu fears spread ▪Streets empty as Mexico waits for the worst ▪On guard against swine flu ▪Asia already on alert ▪Don't panic, says Liow as govt takes action ▪Asia 'better prepared' to tackle.. ▪Immigration alert over swine flu outbreak.. ▪Ministry activates ops room to monitor disease ▪Countries guard against swine flu ▪Health Ministry takes immediate action.. ▪World on alert as Mexico flu epidemic.. ▪Q+A - What is swine flu and how serious is it? ▪Global concerns over flu outbreak, >100 dead ▪World flu epidemic fear rises..
	▪World ready to withstand potential pandemic ▪Asian stock markets retreat amid swine flu fears ▪Suspected swine flu cases in Mexico to 1,614 ▪Swine flu fears close some schools in US ▪Countries race to contain swine flu outbreak ▪Official: 3 more NZ students tested for swine flu ▪Mexico City locks itself in amid swine flu fears ▪Health Ministry advises against travel.. ▪World govts race to contain swine flu outbreak ▪We are prepared to deal with spread of swine flu ▪Passengers from US to be screened ▪Immigration Dept waiting for word from Ministry ▪New Zealand pupils likely to swine flu ▪Operations Room Activated To Monitor Swine Flu ▪Immigration Alert Over Swine Flu Outbreak.. ▪UAE Awaits W.H.O Advice On Swine Flu ▪Health Ministry officers to screen for swine flu .. ▪World on alert as Mexico flu epidemic fear grows ▪Mexico City residents stay home in flu fear ▪Mexico gov't decrees special powers in flu crisis ▪Mexico on edge as reports of swine flu cases climb ▪Mexico fights swine flu with 'pandemic potential' ▪Asia on alert after swine flu outbreak ▪Malaysia on alert after deadly flu hits Mexico ▪Killer flu kills 60 in Mexico ▪Deadly new flu strain breaks out in Mexico, U.S. ▪WHO ready with antivirals to combat swine flu ▪Mexico swine flu deaths spur global epidemic fears ▪WHO ready with antivirals to combat swine flu ▪Seven people in U.S. hit by strange new swine flu ▪U.S. officials track new flu strain